Ear Specialist
EMBRYOLOGY OF EAR
Embryology is the study of the origin and development of a single individual embryo in prenatal period.
MIDDLE EAR CLEFT
The middle ear cleft is a space which consists of the middle ear cavity or tympanic cavity, the Eustachian tube...
PHYSIOLOGY OF HEARING
Sound travelling in the environment is collected by the pinna. It passes through external auditory canal and strikes the tympanic membrane.
WAX
Wax is secreted by the ceruminous glands and sebaceous glands present in cartilaginous part of the external auditory canal.
SYRINGING OF THE EAR
Syringing is an OPD procedure used for removal of wax, foreign bodies, debris from the ear.
FOREIGN BODIES IN EAR
Foreign bodies in the ear are commonly seen in children below 10 years of age.
RINNE’S TEST
This test is done to compare the auditory acuity of each ear to bone and air conduction.
WEBER TEST
The Weber test is a useful, quick, and simple screening test for the evaluation of hearing loss.
FISTULA TEST
This is the test done to detect a fistula in the bony labyrinthine wall of the inner ear.
CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS
This type of hearing loss can occur due to any condition which interferes with the conduction of sound reaching the cochlea.
SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS
This hearing loss results due to involvement of the cochlea, vestibulocochlear nerve or central auditory pathways.
PURE TONE AUDIOMETRY
This test gives a qualitative and quantitative analysis of patients hearing. The frequency range tested in 125 Hz to 8000 Hz.
ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA
It is an Acute infection affecting the mucosal lining of the middle ear cleft and the mastoid air-cell system.
SEROUS OTITIS MEDIA
This condition is characterized by the presence of non-purulent fluid in the middle ear cleft.
MYRINGOTOMY
It is an incision made on the tympanic membrane to drain out suppurative or non-suppurative middle ear effusion.
ACUTE MASTOIDITIS
Acute mastoiditis is a complication of acute suppurative otitis media, where the infection spreads from the mucosal lining of the antrum to involve the bony walls of the mastoid air system.
BEZOLD’S ABSCESS
It is a complication of acute mastoiditis when the disease passes inferiorly through the medial aspect of the mastoid tip into the sheath of sternomastoid muscle.
CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA
Chronic otitis media is the permanent abnormality of the Pars Tensa or Pars Flaccida due to previous otitis media with effusion, negative middle ear pressure or acute suppurative otitis media.
CHOLESTEATOMA
Cholesteatoma is the presence of squamous epithelial pocket or sac, filled with keratin debris within the middle ear cleft.
COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA
Complications are usually seen in Active Squamosal type of COM with Cholesteatoma.
CAUSES OF FACIAL PARALYSIS
I. Central II. Intracranial part (Cerebellopontine angle) III. Intratemporal part
MACEWEN’S TRIANGLE
This triangle is the most important surgical landmark for the mastoid antrum or the largest mastoid air cell.
TYPES OF TYMPANOPLASTY
Tympanoplasty is a surgery to eradicate disease in the middle ear cleft and to re- construct the hearing mechanism....
OSSICULOPLASTY
Ossiculoplasty is the reconstruction of the middle ear ossicular chain which has been disrupted or destroyed....
MASTOIDECTOMY
Mastoidectomy is a surgery performed to eradicate the disease present in the middle ear cleft, the mastoid air cells and the attic.
BELL'S PALSY
Bell's palsy is the most common type of peripheral, unilateral, infranuclear and idiopathic paralysis of the facial nerve.
OTOSCLEROSIS
Otosclerosis is a hereditary localized disease originating from the otic capsule in which mature lamellar bone is removed by osteoclasts...
OTOTOXICITY
The tendency of certain therapeutic agents to cause functional impairment and cellular degeneration of the end-organs...
MÉNIÈRE’S DISEASE
In 1861 Prosper Meniere described a condition characterized by sudden spontaneous episodes of vertigo, nausea, vomiting and fluctuating hearing loss.
BRAINSTEM EVOKED RESPONSE AUDIOMETRY (BERA)
Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA) is an objective electrophysiological test measuring response in the brain waves that are stimulated...
HEARING AIDS
A hearing aid is a device which amplifies the sound and thus improves the hearing.
COCHLEAR IMPLANTS Mumbai
Cochlear implants are surgically placed electrical device that receive sound and transmit the resulting electrical signals to electrodes implanted in the cochlea of the ear.
TINNITUS
Tinnitus is defined as a sound perceived more than five minutes at a time in the absence of any external acoustic...
VERTIGO
Vertigo refers to a specific symptom describing a false sense of motion, usually spinning or rotatory....
COCHLEAR IMPLANTS
Cochlear implants are surgically placed electrical device that receive sound and transmit the resulting electrical signals to electrodes implanted in the cochlea of the ear.
TINNITUS
Tinnitus is defined as a sound perceived more than five minutes at a time in the absence of any external acoustic...
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